In the late second half of the 20th century, many citizens of the French-speaking province of Quebec sought greater sovereignty for their province. This movement led the federal parliament on July 7, 1969, to make the French language equal to the English throughout the Canadian federal government. This started a process that led to Canada redefining itself as a bilingual and multicultural nation.
North of the St. Lawrence River Valley, the territory of Quebec is extremely rich in resources in its coniferous forests, lakes, and rivers—pulp and paper, lumber, and hydroelectricity are still some of the province's most important industries.
Louis Riel, a French Canadian Métis, led rebellions in Manitoba 1869-70 and 1885, because of the treatment of native and Métis peoples. These rebellions became known respectively as the Red River Rebellion and the North-West Rebellion. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police were created in 1873 to bring law and order in the west.
August 15th, the feast of the Assumption, is the national feast day of the Acadians. The flag of the Acadians is the French tricolour with a golden star in the blue section, which symbolizes the Blessed Virgin Mary, the "Star of the Sea". The national anthem of the Acadians is "Ave, maris stella". On that day, the Acadians celebrate by having the tintamarre which consists mainly of a big parade where people can dress up with the colours of Acadia and make a lot of noise with basically anything.
The province's three largest hydro-electric projects are built on La Grande Rivière. The extreme north of the province, now called Nunavik, is subarctic or arctic and is home to part of the Inuit nation.
In 1837-1838 there was carried out a more substantial rebellion against British rule, known as the Patriotes Rebellion or Lower Canada Rebellion. French Canadian Patriotes, with some American backing, fought several skirmishes against the British, the culmination of which was the taking of the towns of Chambly and Sorel and the isolation of communications of Quebec City with the rest of the colony.
By far the most important factor which opened the west to settlement and linked east to west was the construction of the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway which had been promised to the colony of British Columbia in 1871. Once the CPR was opened to Vancouver in 1885, the city quickly grew to become one of Canada's largest cities.
Before the French arrived, the Hurons were already at war with the Iroquois to the south. Once the European powers become involved, the war became significantly more intense. The French allied with the Huron, because they were the most advanced trading nation at the time. The Iroquois tended to be allies of the English, who took advantage of their hatred of the Hurons and their new French allies.
Canada is a federation of ten provinces and three territories, governed as a parliamentary representative democracy. Initially constituted through the British North America Act of 1867 and styled the Dominion of Canada, Canada retains a constitutional monarchy, recognizing Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state and Queen of Canada. Canada's official languages are English and French.
Canada's largest province, occupies a vast territory (nearly three times the size of France), most of which is very sparsely populated. More than 90 percent of Quebec's area lies within the Canadian Shield, a large part of which was historically referred to as the Ungava Region.
Canada is a nation of 32 million inhabitants, occupying almost all of the northern half of the North American continent, and being the second largest country in the world. Canada has evolved in four hundred years from a group of European colonies into a federation of ten provinces and three territories, having been granted its sovereignty peacefully from its last colonial possessor, the United Kingdom.
The government of Quebec consists of all the ministries and governmental branches that do not have the status of independent institutions such as municipalities and regional county municipalities.
Quebec (le Québec in French) is the largest province in Canada geographically, and the second most populous, after Ontario, with a population of 7,560,592 (Statistics Canada, October 2004). Quebec's primary language is French, making up the bulk of the Francophone population in North America. The capital is Quebec City and the largest city is Montréal.
The most populated region is the St. Lawrence River Valley in the south, where the capital, Quebec City, and the largest city, Montréal, are situated. North of Montréal are the Laurentians, a range of ancient mountains, and to the east are the Appalachian Mountains which extends into the Eastern Townships and Gaspésie regions. The Gaspé Peninsula juts into the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the east.
Originally, the Quebec legislature was bicameral, consisting of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. In 1968 Bill 90 was passed by the Union Nationale government of Premier Jean-Jacques Bertrand, and the Legislative Council was abolished, with the Legislative Assembly being renamed the National Assembly. Before 1968, there had been various unsuccessful attempts at abolishing the Legislative Council, which was analogous to the Senate of Canada.
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